SpringMVC源码分析(转载)
SpringMVC源码分析(转载)
本文非原创,转载来源:https://juejin.cn/post/6863375718450593799
SpringMVC在Java后端中,是一个很重要也很常用的框架,本篇来分析一下SpringMVC的源码。版本为5.2.0。
- web.xml配置
虽然使用SpringMVC不需要我们写Servlet,但SpringMVC是封装了Servlet,提供 DispatcherServlet
来帮我们处理的。 所以需要在 web.xml
配置 DispatcherServlet
。
可以看出 DispatcherServlet
,映射的url是 /
,所以所有的请求都会被它拦截,再处理给我们。我们进去看一下。
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--配置前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!-- 加载SpringMVC配置文件 -->
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 启动就加载这个Servlet -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
//省略其他配置...
</web-app>
初始化
我们知道,Servlet初始化时,Servlet的 init()
方法会被调用。我们进入 DispatcherServlet
中,发现并没有该方法,那么肯定在它集成的父类上。 DispatcherServlet
继承于 FrameworkServlet
,结果还是没找到,继续找它的父类 HttpServletBean
。
HttpServletBean
终于找到了,HttpServletBean
继承于 HttpServlet
,我们来看下这个 init()
方法。
@Override
public final void init() throws ServletException {
//获取配置web.xml中的参数
PropertyValues pvs = new ServletConfigPropertyValues(getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties);
if (!pvs.isEmpty()) {
try {
BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(getServletContext());
bw.registerCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, getEnvironment()));
initBeanWrapper(bw);
bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
logger.error("Failed to set bean properties on servlet '" + getServletName() + "'", ex);
}
throw ex;
}
}
//重点:一个空方法,模板模式,子类FrameworkServlet,重写了它
initServletBean();
}
FrameworkServlet
initServletBean()
方法,就是一个初始化。 方法内主要是调用了 initWebApplicationContext()
初始化WebApplicationContext, 以及调用 initFrameworkServlet()
,这个是一个空方法,可以提供给以后的子类复写,做一些初始化的事情,暂时没有被复写。
@Override
protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException {
getServletContext().log("Initializing Spring " + getClass().getSimpleName() + " '" + getServletName() + "'");
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Initializing Servlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
}
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
//重点:初始化WebApplicationContext
this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext();
//一个空方法,可以提供给以后的子类复写,做一些初始化的事情,暂时没有被复写
initFrameworkServlet();
}
catch (ServletException | RuntimeException ex) {
logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
throw ex;
}
//省略无关代码...
}
下面分析 initWebApplicationContext()
方法。
- initWebApplicationContext()方法
该方法是初始化 WebApplicationContext
的,而它集成于 ApplicationContext
,所以它也是一个IoC容器。
所以 FrameworkServlet
类的职责是将 Spring
和 Servler
进行一个关联。
这个方法,除了初始化WebApplicationContext外,还调用了一个 onRefresh()
方法,又是模板模式,空方法,让子类复写进行逻辑处理,例如子类DispatcherServlet重写了它
protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
WebApplicationContext rootContext =
WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
WebApplicationContext wac = null;
//有参数构造方法,传入webApplicationContext对象,就会进入该判断
if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
wac = this.webApplicationContext;
if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
//还没初始化过,容器的refresh()还没有调用
if (!cwac.isActive()) {
//设置父容器
if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
cwac.setParent(rootContext);
}
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
}
}
}
if (wac == null) {
//获取ServletContext,之前通过setAttribute设置到了ServletContext中,现在通过getAttribute获取到
wac = findWebApplicationContext();
}
if (wac == null) {
//创建WebApplicationContext,设置环境environment、父容器,本地资源文件
wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
}
if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
synchronized (this.onRefreshMonitor) {
//刷新,也是模板模式,空方法,让子类重写进行逻辑处理,而子类DispatcherServlet重写了它
onRefresh(wac);
}
}
//用setAttribute(),将容器设置到ServletContext中
if (this.publishContext) {
String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
}
return wac;
}
//WebApplicationContext
public interface WebApplicationContext extends ApplicationContext {
//...
}
接来下,我们看子类 DispatcherServlet
复写的 onRefresh()
方法。
DispatcherServlet
FrameworkServlet
类的职责是将 Spring
和 Servler
进行一个关联。而对于 DispatcherServlet
来说,它初始化方法是 onRefresh()
。
onRefresh()
方法,调用 initStrategies()
方法,进行各种组件的初始化工作。
我们重点看 initHandlerMappings()
后面的流程!
@Override
protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
initStrategies(context);
}
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
//解析请求
initMultipartResolver(context);
//国际化
initLocaleResolver(context);
//主题
initThemeResolver(context);
//处理Controller的方法和url映射关系
initHandlerMappings(context);
//初始化适配器,多样写法Controller的适配处理,实现最后返回都是ModelAndView
initHandlerAdapters(context);
//初始化异常处理器
initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
//初始化视图转发
initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
//初始化视图解析器,将ModelAndView保存的视图信息,转换为一个视图,输出数据
initViewResolvers(context);
//初始化映射处理器
initFlashMapManager(context);
}
总结3个Servlet类的作用和职责
- HttpServletBean
主要做一些初始化工作,解析 web.xml
中配置的参数到Servlet上,比如init-param
中配置的参数。提供 initServletBean()
模板方法,给子类 FrameworkServlet
实现。
- FrameworkServlet
将Servlet和SpringIoC容器关联。主要是初始化其中的 WebApplicationContext
,它代表SpringMVC的上下文,它有一个父上下文,就是 web.xml
配置文件中配置的 ContextLoaderListener
监听器,监听器进行初始化容器上下文。 提供了 onRefresh()
模板方法,给子类 DispatcherServlet
实现,作为初始化入口方法。
- DispatcherServlet
最后的子类,作为前端控制器,初始化各种组件,比如请求映射、视图解析、异常处理、请求处理等。
组件初始化流程
下面开始 组件初始化流程
分析。
HandlerMapping 处理器映射
初始化Controller的Url映射关系。
主要是 Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans = BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
,这句代码从容器中,获取所有 HandlerMapping
。
//处理器映射集合
@Nullable
private List<HandlerMapping> handlerMappings;
//一个开关,标识是否获取所有的处理器映射,如果为false,则搜寻指定名为的 handlerMapping 的 Bean实例
private boolean detectAllHandlerMappings = true;
//指定的Bean的名称
public static final String HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME = "handlerMapping";
private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) {
//清空集合
this.handlerMappings = null;
//一个开关,默认为true,设置为false,才走else的逻辑
if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) {
//重点:在容器中找到所有HandlerMapping
Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans =
BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
//找到了,进行排序,保证顺序
if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);
}
}
else {
//指定搜寻指定名为 handlerMapping 的 HandlerMapping 实例
try {
HandlerMapping hm = context.getBean(HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, HandlerMapping.class);
this.handlerMappings = Collections.singletonList(hm);
}
catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
// Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerMapping later.
}
}
//也找不到映射关系,设置一个默认的
if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
this.handlerMappings = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerMapping.class);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("No HandlerMappings declared for servlet '" + getServletName() +
"': using default strategies from DispatcherServlet.properties");
}
}
//配置文件名
private static final String DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH = "DispatcherServlet.properties";
//从配置文件中获取配置的组件,其他组件找不到时,也是调用这个方法进行默认配置
protected <T> List<T> getDefaultStrategies(ApplicationContext context, Class<T> strategyInterface) {
//...
}
}
如果找不到任何一个映射关系,会通过 getDefaultStrategies
方法,从配置文件中获取默认配置。其他组件找不到时,也是调用这个方法进行默认配置。
配置文件名:DispatcherServlet.properties。会加入2个默认的映射关系类 BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping
、 RequestMappingHandlerMapping
。
org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping=org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,\
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping
HandlerAdapter 处理器适配器
HandlerAdapter
的初始化逻辑和上面的 HandlerMapping
基本一样。从容器中搜寻所有 HandlerAdapter
的实例。 如果找不到,则从配置文件中获取默认
的 HandlerAdapter
。
//适配器集合
@Nullable
private List<HandlerAdapter> handlerAdapters;
//和上面HandlerMapping一样,一个开关,是否搜寻容器中所有的HandlerAdapter,如果为false,则搜寻指定名为 handlerAdapter 的Bean
private boolean detectAllHandlerAdapters = true;
//指定的HandlerAdapter实例
public static final String HANDLER_ADAPTER_BEAN_NAME = "handlerAdapter";
private void initHandlerAdapters(ApplicationContext context) {
//清空集合
this.handlerAdapters = null;
//也是一个开关,默认true,搜寻容器中所有的HandlerAdapter
if (this.detectAllHandlerAdapters) {
Map<String, HandlerAdapter> matchingBeans =
BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerAdapter.class, true, false);
//找到了,进行排序,保证HandlerAdapter是有序的
if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
this.handlerAdapters = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerAdapters);
}
}
else {
//指定找名为 handlerAdapter 的HandlerAdapter
try {
HandlerAdapter ha = context.getBean(HANDLER_ADAPTER_BEAN_NAME, HandlerAdapter.class);
this.handlerAdapters = Collections.singletonList(ha);
}
catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
// Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerAdapter later.
}
}
//没有找一个HandlerAdapter,从配置文件中获取默认的HandlerAdapter
if (this.handlerAdapters == null) {
this.handlerAdapters = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerAdapter.class);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("No HandlerAdapters declared for servlet '" + getServletName() +
"': using default strategies from DispatcherServlet.properties");
}
}
}
HandlerExceptionResolver 异常处理器
和上面的一样,从容器中搜寻所有的异常处理器的实例,也有一个开关去搜索指定名称的异常处理器。
@Nullable
private List<HandlerExceptionResolver> handlerExceptionResolvers;
//开关,是否梭巡所有的异常处理器,设置为false,就会找下面名为 handlerExceptionResolver 的Bean实例
private boolean detectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers = true;
//指定名为 handlerExceptionResolver 的实例
public static final String HANDLER_EXCEPTION_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "handlerExceptionResolver";
private void initHandlerExceptionResolvers(ApplicationContext context) {
//清空集合
this.handlerExceptionResolvers = null;
//开关,默认true
if (this.detectAllHandlerExceptionResolvers) {
//搜寻所有的异常处理器
Map<String, HandlerExceptionResolver> matchingBeans = BeanFactoryUtils
.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerExceptionResolver.class, true, false);
//搜寻到了
if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
this.handlerExceptionResolvers = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
//排序
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerExceptionResolvers);
}
}
else {
try {
HandlerExceptionResolver her =
context.getBean(HANDLER_EXCEPTION_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME, HandlerExceptionResolver.class);
this.handlerExceptionResolvers = Collections.singletonList(her);
}
catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
// Ignore, no HandlerExceptionResolver is fine too.
}
}
//一个异常处理器都没有,从配置文件中获取默认的
if (this.handlerExceptionResolvers == null) {
this.handlerExceptionResolvers = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerExceptionResolver.class);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("No HandlerExceptionResolvers declared in servlet '" + getServletName() +
"': using default strategies from DispatcherServlet.properties");
}
}
}
ViewResolver 视图解析器
视图解析器和上面的解析器逻辑一样,先有开关决定是搜寻容器中所有的,还是搜寻指定名称的。
//视图解析器集合
@Nullable
private List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers;
//开关
private boolean detectAllViewResolvers = true;
//指定名称
public static final String VIEW_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME = "viewResolver";
private void initViewResolvers(ApplicationContext context) {
//清空集合
this.viewResolvers = null;
if (this.detectAllViewResolvers) {
//搜寻所有视图解析器
Map<String, ViewResolver> matchingBeans =
BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, ViewResolver.class, true, false);
if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
this.viewResolvers = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
//排序
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.viewResolvers);
}
}
else {
try {
//搜寻指定名为 viewResolver 的视图解析器Bean
ViewResolver vr = context.getBean(VIEW_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME, ViewResolver.class);
this.viewResolvers = Collections.singletonList(vr);
}
catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
// Ignore, we'll add a default ViewResolver later.
}
}
//没有找到任何一个视图解析器,从配置文件中读取
if (this.viewResolvers == null) {
this.viewResolvers = getDefaultStrategies(context, ViewResolver.class);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("No ViewResolvers declared for servlet '" + getServletName() +
"': using default strategies from DispatcherServlet.properties");
}
}
}
请求流程分析
当请求进入时,我们都知道会调用Servlet的 service()
方法,我们试着去 DispatchServlet
中搜索,发现没有。我们去到父类 FrameworkServlet
找到了。
因为父类是 HttpServlet
,所以每种请求方法,都会在 service
中区分成对应的回调方法。
- GET请求:doGet
- POST请求:doPost
- PUT请求:doPut
- DELETE请求:doDelete
- OPTIONS请求:doOptions
- Trace请求:doTrace
可以看到,每种请求都被复写了,调用 processRequest()
方法进行处理请求。
@Override
protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取请求方式
HttpMethod httpMethod = HttpMethod.resolve(request.getMethod());
//如果是PATCH或获取不到,则走自己的processRequest()方法
if (httpMethod == HttpMethod.PATCH || httpMethod == null) {
processRequest(request, response);
}
//其他情况,走父类HttpServlet的逻辑,调用其他区分出来的请求方法,例如 doGet、doPost
else {
super.service(request, response);
}
}
//处理GET请求
@Override
protected final void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
processRequest(request, response);
}
//处理POST请求
@Override
protected final void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
processRequest(request, response);
}
//出路PUT请求
@Override
protected final void doPut(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
processRequest(request, response);
}
//处理DELETE请求
@Override
protected final void doDelete(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
processRequest(request, response);
}
//处理OPTION请求
@Override
protected void doOptions(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
if (this.dispatchOptionsRequest || CorsUtils.isPreFlightRequest(request)) {
processRequest(request, response);
if (response.containsHeader("Allow")) {
// Proper OPTIONS response coming from a handler - we're done.
return;
}
}
// Use response wrapper in order to always add PATCH to the allowed methods
super.doOptions(request, new HttpServletResponseWrapper(response) {
@Override
public void setHeader(String name, String value) {
if ("Allow".equals(name)) {
value = (StringUtils.hasLength(value) ? value + ", " : "") + HttpMethod.PATCH.name();
}
super.setHeader(name, value);
}
});
}
//处理Trace请求
@Override
protected void doTrace(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
if (this.dispatchTraceRequest) {
processRequest(request, response);
if ("message/http".equals(response.getContentType())) {
// Proper TRACE response coming from a handler - we're done.
return;
}
}
super.doTrace(request, response);
}
- processRequest 处理请求
一大片的处理和设置,不是我们的重点,主要是 doService()
这个方法,它是一个抽象方法,强制让子类进行复写。 所以最终子类 DispatcherServlet
肯定会复写 doService()
方法。
protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Throwable failureCause = null;
LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext();
LocaleContext localeContext = buildLocaleContext(request);
RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes);
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(FrameworkServlet.class.getName(), new RequestBindingInterceptor());
initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes);
try {
//重点,doService()是一个抽象方法,强制让子类进行复写
doService(request, response);
}
catch (ServletException | IOException ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
failureCause = ex;
throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", ex);
}
finally {
resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes);
if (requestAttributes != null) {
requestAttributes.requestCompleted();
}
logResult(request, response, failureCause, asyncManager);
publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, failureCause);
}
}
DispatcherServlet doService()
doService()
方法中,主要的组件分发处理逻辑在 doDispatch()
方法中。
@Override
protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
//打印请求
logRequest(request);
Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null;
if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) {
attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<>();
Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames();
while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) {
String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement();
if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PREFIX)) {
attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName));
}
}
}
//设置组件到请求域中,给后续的其他组件可以获取到
request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext());
request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver);
request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver);
request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource());
if (this.flashMapManager != null) {
FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response);
if (inputFlashMap != null) {
request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap));
}
request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap());
request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager);
}
try {
//重点:主要的组件分发处理逻辑在 doDispatch() 方法
doDispatch(request, response);
}
finally {
if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include.
if (attributesSnapshot != null) {
restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot);
}
}
}
}
- doDispatch() 分发请求给各个组件处理
该方法非常主要,分发逻辑在这里呈现了。重点都在注释标注了。
分发步骤:
getHandler()
,获取本次请求的处理器执行链,包括Controller和拦截器,它们组合成一个执行链HandlerExecutionChain
。getHandlerAdapter()
,获取处理器的适配器,因为有很多种处理器的实现方式,例如直接是Servlet作为处理器、实现Controller接口、使用Controller注解等,每个接口方法的返回值各式各样,所以这里使用了适配器模式,让适配器对处理器的返回值统一输出为ModelAndView。mappedHandler.applyPreHandle
,责任链模式调用处理器链中的拦截器的preHandle()
方法,代表请求准备进行处理。拦截器可拦截处理。如果拦截器拦截了,则继续往下走。ha.handle()
,调用适配器的处理方法,传入处理器,调用处理器接口方法,并适配处理器的结果为ModelAndView。mappedHandler.applyPostHandle
,遍历调用处理器执行链中的拦截器的postHandle()
后置处理方法,代表请求以被处理,但视图还未渲染processDispatchResult()
,处理视图和结果,调用视图处理器,将真正的视图创建,并对视图数据进行渲染。以及渲染完毕,调用拦截器的afterCompletion()
方法,代表视图渲染完毕。mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted
,调用处理器执行链中的拦截器,无论当前请求处理成功,还是失败,都处理。
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
//本次请求的处理器以及拦截器,它们组合成一个执行链
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
//检查是否是文件上传请求。是的话,做一些处理
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
//重点:找到本次请求的处理器以及拦截器
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
//找不到处理器处理,响应404
if (mappedHandler == null) {
noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
return;
}
//重点:找到本次请求中,处理器的适配器
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
String method = request.getMethod();
boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
return;
}
}
//重点:处理前,责任链模式 回调拦截器的 preHandle() 方法,如果拦截了,则不继续往下走了
//返回true代表放心,false为拦截
if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
return;
}
//重点:调用适配器的处理方法,传入处理器,让适配器将处理器的结果转换成统一的ModelAndView
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return;
}
//如果找不到默认的视图,则设置默认的视图
applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
//重点:处理完成,调用拦截器的 postHandle() 后置处理方法
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
dispatchException = ex;
}
catch (Throwable err) {
// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
}
//重点:分发结果,让视图解析器解析视图,渲染视图和数据
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
}
catch (Throwable err) {
triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
}
finally {
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
//重点:视图渲染完成,调用拦截器的 afterConcurrentHandlingStarted() 方法
if (mappedHandler != null) {
mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
}
}
else {
if (multipartRequestParsed) {
cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
}
}
}
}
下面就对上面的每个步骤,进行分析。
getHandler() 搜寻本次请求的处理器对象
责任链模式,遍历handlerMappings集合,找到处理器和拦截器,会调用到 AbstractHandlerMapping
的 getHandler()
方法。 最后将处理器和拦截器都封装到 HandlerExecutionChain
这个处理器执行链对象中。
getHandlerInternal()
,子类实现,主要实现有2个,第一个是AbstractUrlHandlerMapping,一般用它的子类SimpleUrlHandlerMapping,这种方式需要在xml配置文件中配置,已经很少用了。第二个是AbstractHandlerMethodMapping,就是处理我们@Controller和@RequestMapping的。
一般会使用 AbstractHandlerMethodMapping
的子类 RequestMappingHandlerMapping
,其中查询注解的方法为 isHandler()
,在这里分析的话,篇幅太大了,后续文章,再分析。
@Nullable
protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
if (this.handlerMappings != null) {
for (HandlerMapping mapping : this.handlerMappings) {
HandlerExecutionChain handler = mapping.getHandler(request);
if (handler != null) {
return handler;
}
}
}
return null;
}
//处理器映射接口,子类 AbstractHandlerMapping 实现了该方法,它是一个抽象类,所有的HandlerMapping实现类,都继承于它
//而AbstractHandlerMapping只管公共流程和处理,提取了抽象方法给子类实现,也就是模板模式
public interface HandlerMapping {
@Nullable
HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception;
}
public abstract class AbstractHandlerMapping extends WebApplicationObjectSupport
implements HandlerMapping, Ordered, BeanNameAware {
@Override
@Nullable
public final HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
//模板方法,获取处理器,具体子类进行实现
Object handler = getHandlerInternal(request);
//如果没有获取到,则使用默认的处理器
if (handler == null) {
handler = getDefaultHandler();
}
//默认的也没有,那就返回null了
if (handler == null) {
return null;
}
//如果处理器是字符串类型,则在IoC容器中搜寻实例
if (handler instanceof String) {
String handlerName = (String) handler;
handler = obtainApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
}
//构成处理器执行链,主要是添加拦截器
HandlerExecutionChain executionChain = getHandlerExecutionChain(handler, request);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Mapped to " + handler);
}
else if (logger.isDebugEnabled() && !request.getDispatcherType().equals(DispatcherType.ASYNC)) {
logger.debug("Mapped to " + executionChain.getHandler());
}
if (hasCorsConfigurationSource(handler)) {
CorsConfiguration config = (this.corsConfigurationSource != null ? this.corsConfigurationSource.getCorsConfiguration(request) : null);
CorsConfiguration handlerConfig = getCorsConfiguration(handler, request);
config = (config != null ? config.combine(handlerConfig) : handlerConfig);
executionChain = getCorsHandlerExecutionChain(request, executionChain, config);
}
return executionChain;
}
//组成处理器执行链,添加拦截器
protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandlerExecutionChain(Object handler, HttpServletRequest request) {
HandlerExecutionChain chain = (handler instanceof HandlerExecutionChain ?
(HandlerExecutionChain) handler : new HandlerExecutionChain(handler));
String lookupPath = this.urlPathHelper.getLookupPathForRequest(request, LOOKUP_PATH);
for (HandlerInterceptor interceptor : this.adaptedInterceptors) {
if (interceptor instanceof MappedInterceptor) {
MappedInterceptor mappedInterceptor = (MappedInterceptor) interceptor;
//和请求的url做匹配,匹配才加入
if (mappedInterceptor.matches(lookupPath, this.pathMatcher)) {
chain.addInterceptor(mappedInterceptor.getInterceptor());
}
}
else {
chain.addInterceptor(interceptor);
}
}
return chain;
}
}
接下来分析适配组件,getHandlerAdapter()
getHandlerAdapter() 获取处理器对应的适配器
责任链模式,遍历调用适配器集合,调用supports()方法,询问每个适配器,是否支持当前的处理器。 如果返回true,则代表找到了,停止遍历,返回适配器。
protected HandlerAdapter getHandlerAdapter(Object handler) throws ServletException {
if (this.handlerAdapters != null) {
for (HandlerAdapter adapter : this.handlerAdapters) {
//责任链模式,遍历调用适配器集合,调用supports()方法,询问每个适配器,是否支持当前的处理器
//如果返回true,则代表找到了,停止遍历,返回适配器
if (adapter.supports(handler)) {
return adapter;
}
}
}
throw new ServletException("No adapter for handler [" + handler +
"]: The DispatcherServlet configuration needs to include a HandlerAdapter that supports this handler");
}
我们来看看适配器接口,以及它的子类
HttpRequestHandlerAdapter
,适配HttpRequestHandler
作为handler的适配器。SimpleServletHandlerAdapter
,适配Servlet
作为handler的适配器SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter
,适配Controller
接口 作为handler的适配器
public interface HandlerAdapter {
//判断传入的处理器,是否支持适配
boolean supports(Object handler);
//上面的supports()方法返回true,才会调用该方法,进行适配,统一返回ModelAndView对象
@Nullable
ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception;
//作用和Servlet的getLastModified()一样,如果适配的处理器不支持,返回-1即可
long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest request, Object handler);
}
//适配HttpRequestHandler的适配器
public class HttpRequestHandlerAdapter implements HandlerAdapter {
@Override
public boolean supports(Object handler) {
return (handler instanceof HttpRequestHandler);
}
@Override
@Nullable
public ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
throws Exception {
((HttpRequestHandler) handler).handleRequest(request, response);
return null;
}
@Override
public long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest request, Object handler) {
if (handler instanceof LastModified) {
return ((LastModified) handler).getLastModified(request);
}
return -1L;
}
}
//适配Servlet的适配器
public class SimpleServletHandlerAdapter implements HandlerAdapter {
@Override
public boolean supports(Object handler) {
return (handler instanceof Servlet);
}
@Override
@Nullable
public ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
throws Exception {
((Servlet) handler).service(request, response);
return null;
}
@Override
public long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest request, Object handler) {
return -1;
}
}
//适配Controller接口的适配器
public class SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter implements HandlerAdapter {
@Override
public boolean supports(Object handler) {
return (handler instanceof Controller);
}
@Override
@Nullable
public ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
throws Exception {
return ((Controller) handler).handleRequest(request, response);
}
@Override
public long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest request, Object handler) {
if (handler instanceof LastModified) {
return ((LastModified) handler).getLastModified(request);
}
return -1L;
}
}
根据流程,获取到对应的适配器后,就可以通知拦截器了
拦截器前置通知
遍历拦截器链,调用它的 preHandle()
方法,通知拦截器进行请求处理前的拦截和附加处理。 如果有一个拦截器返回false,代表拦截,则处理流程被中断,就是拦截了。
boolean applyPreHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
for (int i = 0; i < interceptors.length; i++) {
HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
if (!interceptor.preHandle(request, response, this.handler)) {
triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
return false;
}
this.interceptorIndex = i;
}
}
return true;
}
随后,就调用适配器的 handle()
方法,进行适配,返回ModelAndView。 处理完后,也代表请求进过Controller处理完毕,接着进行拦截器通知。
拦截器后置通知
和前置通知不同,后置通知没有拦截功能,只能是增强。逻辑还是遍历拦截器链,调用拦截器的 postHandle()
方法。
void applyPostHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable ModelAndView mv)
throws Exception {
HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
for (int i = interceptors.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
interceptor.postHandle(request, response, this.handler, mv);
}
}
}
视图、数据都获取到了,就可以进行视图生成以及数据渲染了。
结果处理
因为 doDispatch()
的处理流程,SpringMVC都帮我们try-catch了,所以能捕获到异常,并传入该方法。
接着首先判断处理过程中,是否产生了异常,有则用异常处理器处理。 没有异常,则继续往下走,判断是否需要渲染,需要渲染,则进行渲染,最后回调拦截器进行通知。
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
//是否显示错误页面
boolean errorView = false;
//处理异常
if (exception != null) {
if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) {
logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception);
mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView();
}
else {
Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null);
//处理异常
mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception);
errorView = (mv != null);
}
}
//判断处理器是否需要返回视图
if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
//重点:渲染
render(mv, request, response);
if (errorView) {
WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request);
}
}
else {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("No view rendering, null ModelAndView returned.");
}
}
if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
// Concurrent handling started during a forward
return;
}
//视图渲染完成,回调拦截器
if (mappedHandler != null) {
// Exception (if any) is already handled..
mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
}
}
//拦截器回调,通知拦截器,视图已被渲染,拦截器可以再做点事情
void triggerAfterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Exception ex)
throws Exception {
HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
for (int i = this.interceptorIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
try {
interceptor.afterCompletion(request, response, this.handler, ex);
}
catch (Throwable ex2) {
logger.error("HandlerInterceptor.afterCompletion threw exception", ex2);
}
}
}
}
视图解析和渲染
先判断是否需要视图解析器进行视图解析,最后调用解析出来的视图的 render()
方法进行渲染操作。
protected void render(ModelAndView mv, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// Determine locale for request and apply it to the response.
Locale locale =
(this.localeResolver != null ? this.localeResolver.resolveLocale(request) : request.getLocale());
response.setLocale(locale);
//真正的视图对象
View view;
String viewName = mv.getViewName();
if (viewName != null) {
//重点:使用视图解析器,生成正真的视图
view = resolveViewName(viewName, mv.getModelInternal(), locale, request);
if (view == null) {
throw new ServletException("Could not resolve view with name '" + mv.getViewName() +
"' in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
}
}
else {
//不需要查找,ModelAndView中已经包含了真正的视图
view = mv.getView();
if (view == null) {
throw new ServletException("ModelAndView [" + mv + "] neither contains a view name nor a " +
"View object in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
}
}
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Rendering view [" + view + "] ");
}
try {
if (mv.getStatus() != null) {
response.setStatus(mv.getStatus().value());
}
//重点:开始渲染
view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Error rendering view [" + view + "]", ex);
}
throw ex;
}
}
视图解析
遍历视图解析器集合,不同的视图需要不同的解析器进行处理。
ViewResolver解析器是一个接口,他有几个实现类,对应支持的视图技术。
AbstractCachingViewResolver
,抽象类,支持缓存视图,所有的解析器都继承它,它内部有一个Map,缓存解析过的视图对象,解决效率问题。UrlBasedViewResolver
,继承于AbstractCachingViewResolver
,当我们Controller返回一个字符串,例如success,它就会从我们的xml配置文件中,找到prefix前缀和suffix后缀,和url进行拼接,输出一个完成的视图地址。还有一种就是我们返回redirect:
前缀的字符串时,会解析为重定向视图View,进行重定向操作。InternalResourceViewResolver
,内部资源解析器,继承于上面的UrlBasedViewResolver
,所以UrlBasedViewResolver
有的功能呢,它都有,主要用于加载/WEB-INF/
目录下的资源。- 还有一些其他不太常用的解析器,这里就不介绍了
<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 视图文件都从pages文件夹下找 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<!-- 文件后缀为jsp -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
复制代码
@Nullable
protected View resolveViewName(String viewName, @Nullable Map<String, Object> model,
Locale locale, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
if (this.viewResolvers != null) {
//遍历视图解析器集合,不同的视图需要不同的解析器进行处理
for (ViewResolver viewResolver : this.viewResolvers) {
View view = viewResolver.resolveViewName(viewName, locale);
if (view != null) {
return view;
}
}
}
return null;
}
public interface ViewResolver {
//尝试解析视图名称为视图对象,如果不能解析,返回null
@Nullable
View resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception;
}
视图渲染
视图解析完成,生成View视图对象,而View也是一个接口,它有以下实现类:
- AbstractView,View的抽象类,定义了渲染流程,抽象了一些抽象方法,子类做特殊处理即可,大部分的实现类都继承于它
- VelocityView,支持Velocity框架生成的页面。
- FreeMarkerView,支持FreeMarker框架生成的页面。
- JstlView,支持生成jstl视图。
- RedirectView,支持生成页面跳转视图。
- MappingJackson2JsonView,输出Json的视图,使用Jackson库实现Json序列
视图的本质就是通过 Response
对象,进行 write()
写出到客户端。
public interface View {
String RESPONSE_STATUS_ATTRIBUTE = View.class.getName() + ".responseStatus";
String PATH_VARIABLES = View.class.getName() + ".pathVariables";
String SELECTED_CONTENT_TYPE = View.class.getName() + ".selectedContentType";
//视图对应的的content-type
@Nullable
default String getContentType() {
return null;
}
//渲染数据到视图
void render(@Nullable Map<String, ?> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception;
}
最终通知
doDispatch()
方法,整体try-catch后,finally
代码块,调用拦截器进行最终通知。
遍历到的拦截器必须是 AsyncHandlerInterceptor
接口的实现类才行。
void applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
for (int i = interceptors.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (interceptors[i] instanceof AsyncHandlerInterceptor) {
try {
AsyncHandlerInterceptor asyncInterceptor = (AsyncHandlerInterceptor) interceptors[i];
asyncInterceptor.afterConcurrentHandlingStarted(request, response, this.handler);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
logger.error("Interceptor [" + interceptors[i] + "] failed in afterConcurrentHandlingStarted", ex);
}
}
}
}
}
总结
复杂版
- 初始化时
- DispatchServlet 初始化,调用 onRefresh 被调用调用,初始化 处理器映射HandlerMapping 、 HandlerAdapter适配器、 异常处理器、 视图解析器 等一系列组件。
- 请求到达时
- DispatchServlet 的 doService() 被调用,根据请求的Url查找对应的处理器,包含我们的Controller和拦截器。
- 根据处理器,找到对应的HandlerAdapter适配器,因为处理器的形式有很多,例如Servlet作为处理器、实现Controller接口,使用@Controller注解等,返回值都不一,就要使用适配器将结果都适配为ModelAndView。
- 执行适配器的处理方法前,先回调拦截器的前处理方法,这里可以进行拦截,如果拦截了,就不继续流程了。如果不拦截,则继续走,调用适配器的处理方法,在处理方法中,会调用处理器进行处理,就调用到我们的Controller。执行完后,再回调拦截器的后处理回调方法。
- 获取到 ModelAndView 后,交给视图解析器ViewResolver,进行解析视图名称为具体视图实例后,再进行视图和数据的渲染返回给客户端,并回调拦截器视图渲染完后的回调方法。
简单版
请求到来时,从DispatchServlet前端控制器开始,通过url查找处理器,查找处理器对应的适配器,执行适配器的处理方法,返回ModelAndView。视图处理器解析ModelAndView,生成对应的视图对象,渲染视图和数据,并返回给客户端。